Google

toc == =Introduction=

Google is the world’s most popular web search engine. Founded in 2000 by two Stanford University graduate students, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Google started out as a research project, with focus on the following interests:
 * Optimized Search engines with fast and relevant results
 * Information extraction from unstructured sources
 * Data mining of large text collections and scientific data
 * Link structure of the web
 * Human computer interaction
 * Scalability of information access interfaces

With the combination of these research interests, Google was created.

=Why Google?=

What makes Google so different than other search engines? There are several specific items that pull google away from the back. They relate generally to the infrastructure, results, innovation, and advertising methods they use. When google was created, Page and Brin had a great idea but very little initial capital. Because of this, they created a system optimized for bad and failing hardware. This was because all they could afford was low end budget computers, and knew that unlike the more expensive server boxes used by standard companies with redundant hardware, they could not depend on their computers staying up. To compensate, they used a large number of computers situated at separate datacentres. Even with the massive influx of funds google has had since its success as a search engine, this distributed system has proved a great success, able to easily scale and provide high speed functionality in the various google operations. As can be read below, these googlebots cull the web for results rather than waiting for user submissions, as many search engines before them. What really sets google's results apart from other search engines around when they began was that they did not sell higher rankings to paying sites. Instead, results come directly from their pagerank algorithm, which are [|much more advanced] than search engines of the past managed. To support the company they have created, google has explored many innovative new technologies. They created many of the first successful AJAX applications (that is, applications that can take input without refreshing: google maps for instance) and many great new uses for search engines (like [|google scholar] and [|google video]). One of these innovations involves the largest problem the net currently faces: how to pay for content. Google created AdSense, an initiative that builds on advertising by providing high traffic websites with unobtrusive text ads to raise funds, and webmasters with an inexpensive yet highly successful way to get new traffic. The real innovation comes from the ads themselves, which are picked based on the content of the page being viewed.

=Googlebots=

Google’s search engine uses special software programs known as “robotic spiders”, or rather “Googlebots”that crawl continuously along the myriad trails of the World Wide Web, harvesting documents as they go. A separate piece of software builds an index of every word the spiders find, to sort through the masses of computer jargon that come across during a search. The Googlebots crawl through the density of the World Wide Web, collecting documents are they go. While these Googlebots are hard at work, a separate type of software known as an “indexer” builds an catalogue or dictionary of every word that crosses its path. Short grammatical terms such as “the”, “in” or “and” are ignored. For each word, a list of all the pages that it appeared in and the exact position in which it was found in each document is recorded. This allows for the word to be found quickly in future searches.

=The Search Engine=

Google’s efficient search algorithms paired with the thousands of low cost PC’s networked together is what results in the super-fast search engine experienced by users.

> Example
 * When a query is submitted by a user, such as “Cowbell” or “Cheesecake”, the search engine checks the index, fetches the documents containing those words, and then sorts and returns them by relevance.

=PageRank=

PageRanking is a unique method of sorting out and determining the value of the documents returned to the user when a search is conducted. For each page, the PageRank system counts the number of other pages that are linked, or connected to it. Similar to that of a popularity contest, Google counts a link from Page A to Page B as a vote for Page B. In addition, the system analyzes the status of the pages that cast the votes, with popular pages weighing more heavily in the calculation. Some other tricks Google uses to determine a document’s ranking is the format of the words, such as special typeface, bold, underlined, all capitals. Also, words that occur close together such as “Bill” and “Clinton” would count for more than those that are apart. The essence of this PageRanking system is what separates it from all other search engines. Google goes beyond the number of times a term appears on a page. When a query is entered, the system examines all aspects of the page’s content and the content of all the pages linking to it, therefore returning the documents that best match the user’s query. All of the search results are placed in order of their relevance as determine by their page rank.

PageRank is a patented process by Larry Page and Sergey Brin.

=Googlezon=

The name "Googlezon" was generated when both companies "Google" and "Amazon" merges together as depicted in the trailer "[|Epic 2014]". The story of Epic 2014 describes how Google combine all it services (Gmail, Googlenews, blogger, tivo) into the google grid. The google grid is a platform that offers users infinitive storage and bandwidth to store all kinds of media. It is always accessible from anywhere and anytime. User can choose the level of privacy with their content in terms of public view or private use. It has never been easier for user to create and consume media. As for Amazon.com, it provides the social recommendation engine and its huge infrastructure. Together, Google and Amazon work together to gathers users data such as consumptions patterns, interests, and habits to provide users the contents they wants.

=Google Maps=

Google Maps is a free service offered through Google.com, which has become very popular. Google Maps allows users to look up addresses with ease. It’s very simple and easy to use. It takes just seconds to learn as the learning curve is almost non existent. Some of the options within the service include zooming in and zooming out, viewing different services and stores within a certain radius of your destination and the aerial and satellite views of the map. If users like Google Maps, they can also download Google Earch from Google.com, which is similar to google maps with more advanced functions.

=**Gmail**=

The email service offered by Google. Gmail is rapidly proliferating its popularity since 2004. It is because of its decent universal and interactive design. It is absolutely efficient, effective, and useful to support the users in their everyday and working lives. While Gmail is not entirely open to the general public yet, most Gmail users have many invites to spare, as Google gives users anything from 0 to 100 free invitations (and frequently replenishes them, as a reward for users who frequently check their Gmail accounts). It is currently possible for someone in Australia, New Zealand or Japan to sign up without an invitation. Someone can also sign up if one has a mobile phone from Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Turkey, Philippines, or the United States via SMS Sign up or a .edu e-mail address from an accredited U.S. institution.[5] One can find free Gmail invites at various Web sites, or even for sale at online auctions, despite Google's prohibition of selling of Gmail addresses.

=**Google Creators**=

>
 * [[image:larry-page-google.jpg width="95" height="139"]] **Larry Page** ||
 * "Born March 26, 1973 Michigan- USA
 * As a child, he always has interest in computer and was encourage by his father Dr. Carl Victor Page
 * Graduated from the East Lansing High School and earn a Bachlor degree in engineering at the University of Michigan
 * Successfully acomplishes "The Anatomy of a Search Engin" with his partner Sergey Brin >
 * Created "Page Rank" for goodle to organize the quality of websites.
 * Fail to graduate from University of Michigan and obtainingh his Phd because of the success of Google"**(Page 2006)**

>
 * [[image:sergey.jpg width="153" height="126"]] **Sergey Brin** ||
 * Born 1973 in Russia
 * Professor at University of Maryland specialized in mathematics
 * President of Technology at GOOGLE with a net worth of 11 billion US
 * Receive scholarship from the National Science Foundation and then used it to earn his master degree in computer science at Stanford University.
 * Wrote a paper called "The Anatomy of a Largescale Hypertextual Web Search Engine" with Larry Page. > **(Brin 2006)**

=Services Offered=


 * Google Maps
 * [|Google Video]
 * [|GMail]
 * [|Google Analytics]
 * [|Google Scholar]
 * [|Google Catalogue]
 * [|Google Calendar]
 * [|Google Desktop]

=References=

Images
 * CCT260 - Professor Littlejohn's Lecture Notes
 * __2014 EPIC BY GOOGLE__. 9 Nov. 2006 
 * Google logo taken from: http://fgiasson.com/blog/media/google%20logo.jpg
 * Page, Larry. "Larry Page Biography." __http://www.woopidoo.com/biography/larry-page/index.htm__. Woopido0 biographies. 7 Dec. 2006 <[|http://www.woopidoo.com/biography/larry-page/index.htm>____]__
 * __Brin, Sergey. "Sergey Brin Biography."__ Sergey Brin Biography-Google Founder__. Investing Value. 7 Dec. 2006 
 * Digital image. [Sergey Brin]. 7 Dec. 2006 
 * Digital image. [Larry Page]. 7 Dec. 2006 